What is a certificate-based authentication scheme?

A certificate-based authentication scheme is a scheme that uses a public key cryptography and digital certificate to authenticate a user. A digital certificate is an electronic document that includes identification information, public key, and the digital signature of a certification authority based on that certification authority’s private key. When a user connects to the server, he presents his digital certificate containing the public key and the signature of the certification authority. The server verifies the validity of the signature and whether the certificate has been provided by a trusted certificate authority or not. The server then authenticates the user by using public key cryptography to prove that the user truly holds the private key associated with the certificate.

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