MCSD .NET 70-300 Short Notes: Exam Passing Tips

MCSD .NET 70-300 Short Notes: Exam Passing Tips

Rating:

Envisioning the Solution

• A solution concept is developed based on the existing business strategy. A developing team creates the solution concept on the basis of the business requirements and scope of the solution.


• A project team identifies and understands the current business process in order to incorporate it in the proposed or new system.


• During the Envisioning phase of the business project, the project team evaluates the current business situation. The team analyzes the difference between the current and expected business situation. A gap analysis is performed to identify a path towards the desired state of a business. The team also identifies and outlines the scope of the project.


• A team identifies basic solution concept during the Envisioning phase.


• A feasibility study determines and documents a project's viability. The analysis of the feasibility study identifies whether a particular business concept can be realized as a scalable design.


• During the Envisioning phase, various tasks are identified that address the goals and constraints of the project. During this phase, the project team determines the objectives of the solution by identifying business problems or opportunities.


• A team analyzes business feasibility of a solution during the Envisioning phase.


• The project scope is the number and complexity of tasks to be performed by a software solution. The scope comprises the overall project requirements and incorporates the constraints imposed on the project by resources, time, and other limiting factors.


• Project scope defines what will or will not be included in a project. Therefore, the project scope is the number and complexity of tasks to be performed by a software solution.


• A team prepares the functional specification that will contain the scope of the solution. The project scope is the number and complexity of tasks to be performed by a software solution.


• A developer plans and creates modules in order to define scope components in a project.


• A project team identifies and analyzes the current and expected business system of an organization.


• The project team identifies a set of initial risks during the Envisioning phase. The best technique to manage a risk is to identify all the potential risks with high priority level and to prevent them by following a good mitigation and prevention strategy.


• During the solution development, greatest potential risks of an organization are identified.


• A project team monitors the status of high-priority risks of an organization. The team identifies a set of initial risks during the Envisioning phase. This set of risks is continuously updated at the later phases of the project.


• A team should identify the biggest threat that can occur within the organization. It should also try to control and mitigate the threat to the organization.


• Risk Management is a decision-making process that involves the organization, users, and the project team. It deals with the uncertainties that might occur during the application development. This ensures that all the vital assets and resources of the organization are safeguarded.


• A team identifies business risks of an organization.


• A risk can be defined as the possibility of a negative outcome that can put a project under loss or threat. The project team identifies a set of initial risks during the Envisioning phase. This set of risks is continuously updated at the later phases of the project.


• The main objective of problem management is to identify the root cause of business incidents that greatly influence business strategy.


• A team identifies business risks and constraints of an organization during the Envisioning phase.

• During the solution development, the project team identifies various issues of organization under the present business environment.


• During the software development, the project team identifies the major requirements of the business solution.


• A project team identifies the major business objectives of an organization.


• A team should identify the biggest business issue keeping in view the current business strategy of an organization.


• It is important to analyze the existing business practice so that a developer can design a solution according to it. It will also help to integrate a new application with the existing applications. Some of the considerations are as follows:
  
  • Existing business practice
  
  
  • Customer's need
  
  
  • Organization structure
  
  
  • Budget
  
  
  • Training requirements
  
  
  • Quality requirements
  
  
  • Legal issue
• During the Envisioning phase, the team should document all business goals and constraints of an organization.


• During the Envisioning phase, the team should identify the current business process.


• A project team identifies all the business issues, goals, and constraints of an organization.


• During the solution development, it is important to document all the major business goals and requirements of an organization.


• It is necessary to understand the current business strategy of an organization so that it can be implemented during the solution development.


• A team analyzes current and future regulatory requirements and business requirements for a solution.


• During the Envisioning phase, a team analyzes the current business requirements and the business scope and needs.


• During a conceptual design, a team identifies primary scenarios of a use case and defines the usage scenarios under the actual user environment.


• A team categorizes different modules and interfaces and defines the functionality between them during the solution development.


• During the solution development, the strategy of storing data can be implemented by using the existing database.


• Business goals and constraints can be focused by identifying the needs of an organization's business process.


• During the solution development period, the project team determines the requirements of business stakeholders, sponsors, and end users. These requirements provide the formation of the solution concept. After identifying the business issues and scope of the project, the team creates the solution concept.


• During the solution development, a project team evaluates the current business situation and also identifies and outlines the scope of the project. The team performs several types of analysis that include feasibility studies, risk analysis, usability studies, and performance analysis.


• A team should identify and analyze the current business process of an organization so that it can be implemented in the new system.


• In order to frame the conceptual data model in a business solution, a usage scenario document needs to be created for a use case.


• A use case is used to define the scope of the solution and to provide a basis for the solution concept.


• A team should understand the current business strategy of an organization.


• The main purpose of the use case is to define the scope of the solution and to provide a basis for the solution concept. In order to create a conceptual model, you need to refine use cases by using various methods of gathering information that involves stakeholders, executives, and users.


• During the conceptual design, a team identifies usage scenarios and use cases and implements them in the actual user environment.


• A team identifies usage scenarios for a use case during the solution development.


• As far as language issues are concerned, mirroring awareness is necessary when developing localized applications. While implementing user interface features on the Web pages, it is essential that the text alignment and text reading order is from right to left or from left to right according to locale preferences.


• An organization needs to decide to list all the operational requirements for the proposed system.


• A team identifies and analyzes operational requirements of a solution.


• A project team identifies operational requirements in order to assist it in developing a solution.


• The n-tier application architecture provides better maintainability, as the business rules can be modified without modifying the other layers of the application.


• An organization should use firewall security to prevent any external source or user from accessing internal data or even tampering with the internal network. However, using firewall security is not enough and it is not fully secure. Therefore, the organization needs to install anti-virus software as well as anti-spyware software along with the firewall installation.


• During the solution development, a team should analyze the impact of the solution after it has been deployed.

• The project team identifies the major requirements applicable for a proposed or new system.


• A user with a valid and trusted client certificate can establish a secure connection and access any application on the Web server. A regular customer must therefore create a Windows account (i.e. valid user name and password) to be mapped for client certificates in order to confirm a customer's identity.


• A functional specification is a virtual repository of project and design-based activities created during the planning phase of the application development life cycle. It records the major decisions and agreements made on the basis of the project's functionalities. It also records various interfaces, designs goals and priorities of the project.


• During the planning phase, the testing team creates a test plan and a pilot plan that will be used during the stabilizing phase. A test plan ensures that it is conducted in an organized manner and determines the stability of a system.


• Conceptual design is an analysis activity and it determines which processes and activities will go into the new system.


• A certificate authentication uses Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) certificates in order to authenticate Web servers and clients. Any user with a valid and trusted client certificate can establish a secure connection and access any application on the Web server.


• The anonymous authentication method is used for those customers who will access the application on the Web site for the first time. Anonymous authentication is a method of authentication for Web sites in IIS. It does not require a user to provide a username and password.


• The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is used to provide secure communications over the Internet. A firewall is used to protect an internal network or intranet against unauthorized access from the Internet or other outside networks.


• Forms authentication uses client-side redirection so that unauthenticated users are forwarded to an HTML form where they can enter their credentials in the form of username and password.


• Role-based security allows, grants, or denies access to resources based on a Windows user's identity. It is built on the principle that a user is authenticated and can be authorized or assigned roles and permissions.


• Output caching is a technique that usually caches the dynamic response generated by a Web request. With huge traffic to a Web site, the caching technique is the best option for frequently accessed pages.


• An alert log file is a text file that records significant database events and messages. It stores information about block corruption errors, internal errors, and non-default initialization parameters. It also stores information about database start-up, shutdown, archiving, recovery, tablespace modifications, rollback segment modifications, and data file modifications.


• An online registration facility on a Web site is well secure so as to authorize a user with a credit card information.


• A team should identify business strategy of an organization so that it can be implemented during a solution development.


• A team should identify different business strategies and goals of an organization.


• Windows authentication mode authenticates users on the basis of their Windows accounts. It uses Internet Information Services (IIS) to perform actual authentication, and then the authenticated identity is passed to the user's code. If Windows authentication is used within the application, IIS authentication needs to be configured.


• A Web server can request a single stored procedure from the SQL Server database instead of executing a series of dynamic queries. A stored procedure improves the performance of a solution, as it optimizes data access procedures and stores them for reuse.


• Basic authentication uses Windows user accounts for authentication. When basic authentication is used, the Web browser prompts the user for a user name and password. However, basic authentication is insecure. Therefore, in order to improve the security of this authentication, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS) is used in combination with an HTTP session for data encryption.


• The page output caching technique is the best option for frequently accessed Web pages. It is proper to display the page requests with the page being cached in memory rather than repeatedly executing the page code.

• A project team identifies the business issues of an organization and tries to obtain the solution of the issues.


• A FOREIGN KEY constraint (also known as referential integrity constraint) specifies that each value in a specified column or set of columns must match a value in another table's unique or primary key.


• In the logical model, data must be organized into separate elements called entities that will later make up the physical tables within a database. It is a well-defined set of similar items grouped and is referred to as a single unit. For example, attributes such as name, address, phone number, etc., of a customer can be grouped as a single entity called Customer.


• A developing team needs to list all those operational requirements that will help in a conceptual design.


• During the planning phase, the project team determines what to develop and how to design the solution. All the identified business and user requirements are used as information in order to design the solution. The gathered information is synthesized, which is used for creating usage scenarios of a particular use case.


• An entity and its attributes can be identified and defined in the conceptual data model of the planning phase in a business project. During the planning phase, the project team determines what to develop and how to design the solution. All the identified requirements related to the business and users are used as information in order to design the solution. The gathered information is then synthesized and is used in creating usage scenarios of a particular use case used in the solution.


• A usage scenario is created to depict various related activities and task sequences that comprise a process. These processes are grouped together as a use case and that is used to describe a workflow process in detail.


• If a FOREIGN KEY column of a table references a PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE column of another table, the tables are said to have a parent-child relationship. The table with the referenced column is called the parent table, whereas the table with the referencing column is called the child table.


• A team should review all the usage scenarios that will be required for data elements in a use case.

• It is necessary to understand the application architecture under the present business scenario of an organization.


• A team identifies user interface issues and designs user interface components in the actual user environment.


• A NOT NULL constraint is an integrity constraint that prevents NULL values from being entered into the column on which it is defined. A NOT NULL constraint is defined at the column level. CHECK constraint enforces domain integrity by limiting the values that are accepted by a column.


• The team implements data layer in the n-tier application architecture during a solution development.


• The following guidelines for creating a database design in chronological order are as follows:
  
  • Creating a database plan
  
  
  • Following normalization rules
  
  
  • Enforcing data integrity and data security
  
  
  • Ensuring database performance and maintenance
  
  
  • Estimating the size of a database
• In a logical data model, a relationship can be identified and created between two or more tables within a database.


• In a logical data model, a FOREIGN KEY constraint is specified in a table to maintain interdependency between two tables.


• In a logical data model, the developing team identifies the relationship between the existing database tables. There can be three types of relationship namely, the one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many relationships that can be established between tables.


• In order to create a relationship between two or more tables, it is necessary to consider the following key points:
  
  • A primary key column is defined in both the tables.
  
  
  • A foreign key provides a relationship between the two tables.
  
  
  • Join combines the contents of two or more tables and produces a result set that incorporates rows and columns from each table.
  
  
  • The DataRelation class also represents a parent/child relationship between two DataTable objects.
• A foreign key is a column or combination of columns used to establish and enforce a relationship between the data in two tables. This relationship is created by adding a column or columns in one of the tables to refer to the other table's column or columns protected by a PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE constraint.


• A relationship works by matching data in key columns. In most cases, the relationship matches the primary key from one table, which provides a unique identifier for each row with an entry in the foreign key in the other table.


• A team optimizes database performance while designing a logical data model.


• Data is optimized by minimizing the response time for data query and by maximizing the throughput of the database server. This data optimization is done in order to minimize network traffic, disk I/O, and processor time. It is very important to design the database correctly because it affects your database structure.


• In an organization, a well-designed database schema should be created for fast data access. A developer should ensure that the structure of the database model is correct and fulfills the business and user requirements, as this reflects the relationships between different data objects. Once a data model is designed, it would cost immensely if the model were to be changed after your solution has already been released to production.


• Normalization is the process of reducing data redundancy and eliminating database anomalies such as insertion, deletion, and update. The three normal forms are 1st normal form (1NF), 2nd normal form (2NF), and 3rd normal form (3NF).


• Domain integrity enforces data validity by restricting the data type, valid values (using CHECK constraints and rules), and range of possible values (using FOREIGN KEY constraints) for columns in a table.


• Entity integrity enforces the uniqueness of rows in a table. The uniqueness of rows can be enforced by the identifier column (or columns) through indexes, UNIQUE constraints, PRIMARY KEY constraints, or IDENTITY properties.


• Referential integrity maintains the defined relationship between tables when records are entered or deleted from the tables. In a SQL Server database, referential integrity is based on relationships between foreign keys and primary keys or between foreign keys and unique keys.


• In domain integrity, the domain of a particular column is a set of values that can be considered valid for entry into that column. A set of values for a column is selected as valid if it is applicable in the given business rule. Therefore, domain integrity maintains data integrity and consistency in the database.

• A user service layer in the MSF application model is a unit of application logic that provides a user interface in an application. It manages an interaction between the application and its users.


• A business service layer in the MSF application model is a unit of application logic that controls sequences and enforces business rules. It also performs transactional integrity of an application's operations.


• A data service layer in the MSF application model is a unit of application logic that manipulates data at the lowest level of abstraction. The data service layer maintains the availability and integrity of data. This layer is used to provide create, read, update, and delete services in which a user as well as business services need to access data from a database or a data source.


• A FOREIGN KEY constraint specifies that each value in a specified column or set of columns must match a value in another table's unique or primary key column or set of columns.


• A firewall analyzes all the traffic between a network and the Internet. It provides centralized access control on how users should use the network. A firewall can also perform the following functions:
  
  • Block unwanted traffic.
  
  
  • Direct the incoming traffic to more trustworthy internal computers.
  
  
  • Hide vulnerable computers that are exposed to the Internet.
  
  
  • Log traffic to and from the private network.
  
  
  • Hide information such as computer names, network topology, network device types, and internal user IDs from external users.
• The transaction log is a serial record of all the changes that have occurred in a database. It is used during recovery operations to redo finished transactions and undo unfinished transactions. It is very useful during backup operations, as backing up a transaction log backs up only those changes that have been made to the transaction log since it was last backed up.


• Digest authentication is a secure authentication method in which passwords are sent across a network as a hash value, rather than as clear text.


• Encryption is the process of converting plain text data into code that is meaningless and unreadable by a user. It is used to protect data contents from unauthorized users. The encrypted data is sent over the network and is then decrypted or deciphered at the other end of the communication protocol.


• During the solution development, a team should keep in mind whether the existing tools such as data conversion tools, installation tools, and testing tools will be able to support the new hardware and software configuration settings that have been applied for the expected solution.


• During the deploying phase, the major goal that the development team should set is to place the solution into a production environment. The goal includes the deployment of the solution technology and components, and the transition of the project to the operation and support team. Finally, the development team conducts a project review and obtains customer approval of the project.


• Issues such as determining whether and how data can be extracted from the current solution and whether the existing master database can be imported, should be considered while planning for data migration.


• While developing an application, tracing and debugging instrumentation can be added to the .NET application by using the Trace and Debug classes derived from the System.Diagnostics namespace.


• The application log contains information about events registered by applications or programs. Application developers determine the events that have to be recorded in the application log.


• The performance counter mechanism is used to monitor the performance of all the Web applications during the execution period. A performance counter is used to publish, capture, and analyze the performance data of an application. The performance data determines error logging and fine-tunes application performance.


• A performance counter is used to publish, capture, and analyze the performance data of an application. The performance data determines error logging and fine-tunes application performance.


• Custom performance counter mechanism is used for monitoring and tracking an application performance while it is running. A performance counter is used to publish, capture, and analyze performance data of an application. Performance data determines error logging and fine-tunes application performance.


• A distributed partitioned view is created in order to reference the various smaller tables on different servers. The UNION ALL clause is used in a SELECT * statement to form a single result set for all the multiple smaller tables.


• New data items can be added to the existing databases keeping in mind the new strategies of a business process.


• An index is a data structure that improves the performance of queries issued against a table. The partitioning of large data tables is implemented to improve data access speed. A partitioned table is a table that is broken down into smaller and more manageable pieces called partitions.


• It is important to implement a normalized database by creating more tables that contain fewer columns and by defining a relationship between the tables. After normalizing data, it is better to denormalize it in order to enhance the database performance.


• The following steps can be taken for detecting and resolving database errors:
  
  • Create triggers in Transact-SQL statements.
  
  
  • Include the RAISEERROR statement and the @@ERROR function in Transact-SQL statements.
  
  
  • Include TRY...CATCH constructs in the application.
• While developing a solution, a project team addresses certain design considerations such as security, availability, scalability, manageability, and performance of the solution. The main objective of the physical design is to identify the appropriate technologies used during the solution development.


• During the Stabilizing phase, a team pilots and monitors the expected solution by specifying usage scenarios of a use case.


• Database testing verifies the correctness of stored data in a data source. Therefore, database testing should be performed on a regular basis as and when required by the developer. In order to test a database, data integrity, data validity, and query response time should be considered as the criteria.

• The build verification test is used to identify errors during the application build process. This test is executed after the program code is executed. It checks whether the compilation of the source code of the application has been built successfully.


• Debugging is the process of finding and correcting the logical errors found during the tracing process. Hence, debugging is significant in the testing process in the sense that it debugs and troubleshoots the application and determines whether the application is free of errors and will execute properly or not.


• While debugging an application, a debugger is attached to the process in which the application is running. In order to do so, a breakpoint has to be set to the application during runtime. A breakpoint is a marker in a program code that causes the program to break the execution and signals a debugger attached to the application process to pause the execution.


• While designing an application for online users, it is best to provide online user assistance to them by displaying relevant information on the Web site.


• The Web Setup project is a Setup and Deployment project, which is used to create installation packages for the deployment of Web-based applications such as XML Web services, and Web applications to a Web server.


• It is important to analyze the existing business situation so that a team can design a solution according to it. It helps the team to integrate the proposed application with the existing application. The team analyzes the difference between the current and the expected business situation.


• Unit testing or internal coverage testing is a low-level testing process, which ensures that the solution meets the functional specification. If all bugs are found during unit testing, it will become easier for a team to test the solution at a higher level.


• At the stabilizing stage of development, a solution is able to reach the appropriate level of quality, so that it is ready for release to production. The main objective of validating a solution before its release is to improve the quality of the solution, which should be free of any defects.


• As far as component testing of a solution is concerned, defects can be discovered even after the solution has been modified and final testing has been performed. This may require retesting of other components in the testing process. In this case, regression testing will be used.


• The development team creates frequent builds of each solution component for testing and reviewing application code. By creating builds of a solution component on a daily basis, the development team can stabilize the solution and also improve its performance by reducing errors.


• User acceptance testing is conducted during the stabilizing phase of the project development period. It is performed in the production environment after the functional testing has been completed. This testing is performed with actual user data rather than with the simulated data that is being developed as a part of the testing process.


• The Internet Information Services (IIS), ASP .NET, and Secure Sockets Layer are used to implement the user interface for the Web applications.


• By preparing periodic solution builds, a team will be able to understand the stability of the total solution and will have sufficient tests of each solution component before it is released to production. Periodic builds are especially useful with large and complex projects that are divided into subsystems.


• A team identifies whether the implementation of a solution will be beneficial for the organization. A good deployment strategy is essential as it can significantly decrease the maintenance requirements.


• A project team should identify the major business constraints and requirements that will help it to develop a business solution.


• For daily application builds, unit testing is required to be performed on the application code in order to find and remove errors. This will definitely enhance the performance of the daily builds. Testing also measures the quality of an application. It reduces the cost of developing an application by eliminating the cost of rectifying errors after the application has been created.


• A DataReader object not only retrieves a read-only, forward-only stream of data from a database, but also offers better performance than reading data into a DataSet object. As this object stores only one row of data in memory at a time, data is retrieved from a data source in a fast and easy manner.

Rating: