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What are OSI and DoD models of network communications?

October 31st, 2009

The OSI Model

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) developed the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model in 1977. The OSI model is a conceptual framework that can be used to get a better understanding of the complex interactions taking place among the various devices in a network. The purpose of the OSI model is to demonstrate how the network entities should work together for communication.

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Posted in A+, A+2006, CCENT, CCNA, MCSA, MCSA 2000, MCSE, Network+

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What is 802.11g?

October 28th, 2009

The 802.11g standard, defined by IEEE, is an extension to the 802.11b standard of wireless network. It operates in 2.4-GHz band and brings data rates up to 54Mbps using Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology. Since the 802.11g standard is backward compatible with 802.11b, an 802.11b device can interface directly with an 802.11g access point.

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Posted in A+, A+ 2009, A+2006, CCENT, CCNA, CCNA Wireless, MCITP, MCITP Consumer Support Technician, MCITP Enterprise Administrator, MCITP Enterprise Support Technician, MCITP Microsoft Windows Client, MCITP Microsoft Windows Server, MCP, MCSA, MCSA 2000, MCSE, MCSE 2000, MCSE 2000 Security, MCSE 2003 Messaging, MCSE 2003 Security, MCSE-NT to 2003, MCTS, MCTS Windows Technology, MCTS Windows Vista, Network+

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What is IEEE 802.11b?

August 28th, 2009

The IEEE 802.11b standard applies to wireless LAN networks that use radio waves as the transmission medium. These networks each have a separate media access control mechanism, known as Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMS/CA), that works like the CSMA/CD mechanism used by the Ethernet. The difference is that in this protocol, when a computer sends its signals, the receiving computer performs a cyclical redundancy check and sends an acknowledgement message to the sending computer if no error is detected.

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Posted in A+, A+ 2009, A+2006, MCSA, MCSA 2000, MCSE, Network+

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What is 100BaseTX?

July 9th, 2009

The 100BaseTX networks are known as fast Ethernet. These are the most widely used networks now-a-days. 100BaseTX Ethernet uses two of the four wire-pairs in the category 5 UTP cable. The number 100 used in the name indicates that these networks run at the speed of 100 Mbps using category 5 UTP cable. The topology used in these networks is star. The maximum cable segment length of 100BaseTX is 100 meters. The following table lists the 100BaseTX specifications:

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What is a media tester?

July 8th, 2009

A media tester, also called a media certifier, is an electronically programmed device that is used to perform a variety of tests on an installed cable. It tests for shorts, open circuits, transposed wire pairs, attenuation, and various types of crosstalk. A media tester compares the results with standards programmed into the unit, and displays the result in the form of pass or fail readouts for each test.

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Posted in A+, A+ 2009, MCSA, MCSA 2000, MCSE, Network+

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What is ICMP?

July 8th, 2009

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is an integral part of IP. It is used to report an error in datagram processing. The Internet Protocol (IP) is used for host-to-host datagram service in a network. The network is configured with connecting devices called gateways. When an error occurs in datagram processing, gateways or destination hosts report the error to the source hosts through the ICMP protocol. The ICMP messages are sent in various situations, such as when a datagram cannot reach its destination, when the gateway cannot direct the host to send traffic on a shorter route, when the gateway does not have the buffering capacity, etc.

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Posted in CCENT, CCNA, MCITP, MCITP Consumer Support Technician, MCITP Enterprise Administrator, MCITP Enterprise Support Technician, MCITP Microsoft Windows Client, MCITP Microsoft Windows Server, MCP, MCSA, MCSA 2000, MCSA 2000 Messaging, MCSA 2000 Security, MCSA 2003 Messaging, MCSA 2003 Security, MCSE, MCSE 2000, MCSE 2000 Messaging, MCSE 2000 Security, MCSE 2003 Messaging, MCSE 2003 Security, MCSE-NT to 2003, MCTS, MCTS Windows Technology, MCTS Windows Vista, Network+, Security+

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Network topology

July 7th, 2009

The network topology is the pattern in which the network medium is connected to the computers and other networking components. The following are the major topologies associated with local area networking:

  • Bus topology: Bus topology is a type of physical network design where all computers in the network are connected through a single coaxial cable known as a bus. This topology uses minimum cabling and is therefore the simplest and least expensive topology for small networks. In this topology, 50-ohm terminators terminate both ends of the network. A Bus topology network is difficult to troubleshoot, as a break or problem at any point along the cable can cause the entire network to go down.

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Posted in A+, A+2006, MCSA, MCSA 2000, MCSE, Network+

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What is 10Base5?

July 7th, 2009

10Base5 is an IEEE standard for baseband Ethernet coaxial cable. It transfers data at 10Mbps, which can travel a maximum distance of 500 meters. 10Base5 is also known as thick Ethernet, ThickWire, and ThickNet. The characteristics of 10Base5 are summarized in the table given below:

Parameters Value
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Posted in A+, A+2006, CCENT, CCNA, MCSA, MCSA 2000, MCSE, Network+

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What is IEEE 802.1X authentication?

July 5th, 2009

The IEEE 802.1X standard defines a method of authenticating and authorizing users to connect to an IEEE 802 LAN. It blocks users from accessing the network on the failure of authentication. IEEE 802.1X supports the Extensible Authentication Protocol-Transport Level Security (EAP-TLS) and Protected EAP-Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol version 2 (PEAP-MS-CHAP v2) protocols. In the IEEE802.1X authentication system, an access point receives a connection request from a wireless client and forwards the request to the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server then uses the Active Directory database to determine whether the client should be granted access to the network.

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Posted in MCDBA, MCP, MCSA 2000 to 2003, MCSA to MCSE-2003, MCSE, MCSE 2000, MCSE 2000 Security, MCSE 2003 Messaging, MCSE 2003 Security, MCSE-NT to 2003

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What is EAP-TLS protocol?

July 5th, 2009

Extensible Authentication Protocol-Transport Level Security (EAP-TLS) is an authentication protocol, which provides mutual authentication, integrity-protected negotiation of cryptographic service providers, and a secret key exchange between two systems that use public key cryptography. EAP-TLS works on a network that is configured for public key infrastructure (PKI) and uses certificates for authentication. These certificates can be stored on computers or on smart cards.

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Posted in MCDBA, MCP, MCSA 2000 to 2003, MCSA to MCSE-2003, MCSE, MCSE 2000, MCSE 2000 Security, MCSE 2003 Messaging, MCSE 2003 Security, MCSE-NT to 2003

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