Wake-on-LAN is an ethernet computer networking standard. This standard allows a computer to be turned on or woken up by a network message. The message is usually sent by a simple program executed on another computer on the local area network. Wake-on-LAN support is implemented on the motherboard of a computer and the network interface, and as such, is not dependent on the operating system running on the hardware, although the operating system can sometimes control the WoL behaviour. Copyright © 2009-2010 Wikipedia. All rights reserved.

In-band management is the use of regular data channels (usually through Ethernet) to manage devices. Unlike out-of-band connection, in-band connection is available only when the server is initialized and functioning properly. In-band connection relies on operating-system network drivers to establish computer connections. The most common in-band remote-management hardware device is the network adapter. Users can use remote-access connections to manage servers. The remote-access connection is made through the in-band port that resides on the target server.

Digital Linear Tape (DLT) is a magnetic tape data storage technology developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). DLT drives support hardware data compression. Media are guaranteed for 30 years of data retention under specified environmental conditions. However, they are easily damaged by mishandling. Current manufacturers of cartridges for the DLT market are Fujifilm, Hitachi/Maxell and Imation. Copyright © 2009-2010 Wikipedia. All rights reserved.

The audio/modem riser (AMR), also known as an AMR slot, is an expansion slot. It is found on the motherboards of some Pentium III, Pentium 4, and Athlon personal computers. It was designed by Intel to interface with chipsets and provide analog functionality, such as sound cards and modems, on an expansion card. It has two rows of 23 pins each, making a total of 46 pins. Copyright © 2009-2010 Wikipedia. All rights reserved.

Out-of-band management involves the use of a dedicated management channel for device maintenance. It allows a system administrator to monitor and manage servers and other network equipment by remote control regardless of whether the machine is powered on. To manage network servers and routers remotely, administrators need network access when problems occur. However, the same problems that cause the network to go down also result in the loss of management access to those devices. Out-of-band management addresses this limitation by employing a management channel that is physically isolated from the data channel. Copyright © 2009-2010 Wikipedia. All rights reserved.

Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is a device that allows a computer to keep running for a short period of time in case of power failure or low voltage, using battery backup. It also provides protection against power surges. When power surge occurs, only the UPS charging circuit is affected, while the computer gets normal power.

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PCI extended (PCI-X) is a computer bus and expansion card standard that enhances the 32-bit PCI Local Bus for higher bandwidth demanded by servers. It is a double-wide version of PCI, running at up to four times the clock speed, but is otherwise similar in electrical implementation and uses the same protocol. PCI-X is often confused with PCI Express, commonly abbreviated as PCIe. Visually there is no such similarity. Also PCI-X slots are longer than PCIe. PCI-X has been replaced in modern designs by the similar-sounding PCI Express. Copyright © 2009-2010 Wikipedia. All rights reserved.

Blade servers are stripped down computer servers with a modular design optimized to minimize the use of physical space. Whereas a standard rack-mount server can function with (at least) a power cord and network cable, blade servers have many components removed to save space, minimize power consumption and other considerations, while still having all the functional components to be considered as a computer. A blade enclosure, which can hold multiple blade servers, provides services such as power, cooling, networking, various interconnects and management. Though, different blade providers have differing principles around what to include in the blade itself.Copyright © 2009-2010 Wikipedia. All rights reserved.

Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) is a technique that involves a multiprocessor computer architecture where two or more identical processors can connect to a single shared main memory. Most common multiprocessor systems today use an SMP architecture. In the case of multi-core processors, the SMP architecture applies to the cores, treating them as separate processors. SMP systems allow any processor to work on any task no matter where the data for that task are located in memory. With proper operating system support, SMP systems can easily move tasks between processors to balance the workload efficiently. Copyright © 2009-2010 Wikipedia. All rights reserved.

INSTALLATION

• The Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) produces 5, -5, 12, and -12 volts DC voltage output.
• Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is a device that allows a computer to keep running for a short period of time in case of power failure or low voltage, using battery backup. It also provides protection against power surges.
• A brownout is the situation of voltage drop in power supply. The overloading of a primary power source can cause brownouts.
• A modern motherboard has several components built in. Most modern motherboards have the following major components:
  • Processor-slot/socket
  • Chipset
  • ROM BIOS
  • SIMM/DIMM/RIMM (RAM memory) Sockets
  • ISA/PCI/AGP bus slots
  • CPU voltage regulator
  • Battery
• The 1U rack unit has a height of 1.75 inches.
• 100BaseTX cabling can have a maximum segment length of 100 meters.
• A SCSI controller allows upto eight devices to be connected to the SCSI bus, including one host bus adapter and upto seven drive controllers.
• The static electricity we generate everyday creates Electrostatic Discharge (ESD).
• Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) occurs when two objects of different electric potential come in contact with one another and exchange the charge in order to standardize the electrostatic charge.
• Category 5 UTP cable is used for data transmissions upto 100 Mbps. It consists of four twisted-pairs of copper wire.
• BNC T connectors, BNC terminators, and BNC barrels are used with coaxial cables.
• If the power cable runs along with the computer network cable, radiation from the power cable, known as electromagnetic interference (EMI), may be inducted into the computer network cable affecting the signals that pass through it.
• SCSI ID 8 provides lowest priority while SCSI ID 7 provides highest priority to a device. The ID priority order on a SCSI bus is as follows: 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8.
• A Fast-Wide SCSI-2 bus supports 15 devices excluding the SCSI adapter.
• If you have two SCSI devices, internal and external, you should place one terminator at the end of each drive. The SCSI controller will be placed in between the SCSI devices.
• The SCSI ID is unique for each device in a SCSI chain.

CONFIGURATION

• The following information is stored in the CMOS:
  • Date and time.
  • CPU type and memory size.
  • Hard disk parameters such as cylinders, heads, and sectors.
• The real time clock uses IRQ 8.
• IRQ is a series of standard signals used by devices to request for attention from the CPU.
• The Master/Slave designations can be assigned by setting a jumper on the hard disk drive.
• The following can be configured in the BIOS:
  • Hard disk drive parameters
  • Floppy disk drive parameters
  • Boot sequence
  • Shadow RAM
  • Date and time
• The ROM BIOS, a type of chip, plugged in on the system’s motherboard, performs the Power On Self Test.
• You can start the CMOS setup program by pressing the Del key or Ctrl Alt Esc at the time of system startup during Power On Self Test (POST).
• When you start a computer, the ROM BIOS provides the first instruction to the computer.
• POST diagnostic hardware cards display error codes on the adapters.
• The battery on a RAID controller prevents loss of data stored in the write cache.
• A server displays a POST error. You can refer to the server documentation for the POST error code. The server documentation contains information about BIOS error codes.
• Synopsis [10] RAID level 1 (mirroring and duplexing) and RAID level 5 (stripe set with parity), are the two RAID levels which support fault tolerance.
• Windows 2000 Server supports Raid-5, spanned, and mirrored volumes.
• RAID-0, also known as stripe set, stores data in stripes on two or more physical disks. Stripe set does not provide fault tolerance, but offers better performance as compared to mirror set (RAID-1) and stripe set with parity (RAID-5). Stripe set uses a minimum of two and a maximum of thirty-two hard disk drives.
• The minimum number of hard disk drives required for implementing RAID-5 is three.
• Raid-1 refers to mirroring.
• Striped volumes are dynamic volumes that contain disk space from two to thirty-two hard disks. Data that is written to a striped volume is divided by the operating system into chunks of 64KB. The operating system stores each chunk on a separate disk. Since in a striped volume, a large amount of data is divided into identical portions, it is faster to read or write the data from a striped volume than from a spanned volume. Striped volumes are not fault tolerant. RAID-0 volumes are also referred to as striped volumes.
• A minimum of three disks are required for RAID5 array.
• RAID 0 creates a stripe set but does not provide data redundancy.
• A minimum of three disks are required for RAID-5 volumes.
• You can connect computers to communicate with each other using any one of the following cables:
  • 10Base2 cable
  • Parallel cable
  • Serial cable
• The Compact Disc File System (CDFS) and the Log-structured file system (LFS) are file systems that cannot be used to install operating systems.
• A peer-to-peer network model does not support centralized administration or provide user-level security.
• IEEE 1394 is a high-speed serial bus that provides enhanced PC connectivity for a wide range of devices.
• Universal Serial Bus (USB) can connect upto 127 peripheral devices to a single USB port and it supports hot plugging.
• 127 devices can be connected to a USB port.
• USB provides the Plug and Play capability of Windows to external hardware devices. USB supports hot plugging, which means that a USB device can be installed or removed while the computer is running.
• The ampere hours (AH) is the unit for measuring the capacity of a UPS battery.
• BOOT.INI file describes the location of the boot partitions specified using Advanced RISC Computing (ARC) naming conventions. BOOT.INI contains information that NTLDR reads for loading the operating system. If multiple operating systems exist on a computer, BOOT.INI provides the choice of selecting an operating system.
• SNMP v3 defines a security capability to be used in conjunction with SNMP v2 features.

UPGRADING

• Full and incremental backup methods clear the archive bit of files after performing backup.
• A full backup is required for taking a differential backup.
• In order to minimize the number of tapes required to backup data, you should perform a full backup every Friday. Performing differential backups from Monday to Thursday will reduce the number of tapes required to restore data. This is because in an event of data loss, you will have to restore only the last full backup and the last differential backup.
• Intel Pentium microprocessors are based on 32-bit data bus width microprocessors.
• The Intel 486 series microprocessor has a 32-bit width data bus.
• You can clear the password on the CMOS by shorting the CMOS jumper to access the CMOS settings.
• If you wants that whenever he boots his computer, the computer should first search for the boot files on the floppy disk drive and then switch to IDE master hard disk drive. In order to do that, change the boot sequence to A:, C: in the BIOS.
• Pentium processors with 321-pins use Socket 7.
• Pentium II processors use single edge connector (SEC).
• Pentium III and Pentium II processors use Slot 1, instead of a socket.
• Intel Celeron processors use Slot 1 and Socket 370.
• The memory internal to a processor is called cache memory. It is also known as level 1 cache.
• You can find the BIOS version ID in the BIOS setup program.
• Level 1 cache memory is integrated with the microprocessor.
• The Level 1 cache is a type of RAM that is included in a CPU. All the commands for the CPU go through the cache. It stores a backlog of the commands so that, if a wait state is encountered, the CPU can continue to process data by using the commands from the cache. It improves computer performance by eliminating the need to wait for data to be fetched from DRAM. The Level 1 cache is also known as internal cache.
• Static RAM (SRAM) is a type of memory chip made of a special circuit known as flip-flop. It is significantly faster than DRAM. Unlike DRAM memory chip circuits, it does not have to be refreshed because it uses the flip-flop circuit to store each bit. SRAM memory chips are generally used for caching.
• Adapter teaming offers better network throughput by distributing traffic efficiently between the network adapters. It also improves network uptime by protecting the network in the event of a network adapter failure.
• A standard IDE/EIDE drive cable has 40 wires.
• If two drives are attached to one controller in a computer, one drive should be set as Master and the other as Slave.
• Logical Block Addressing (LBA) mode allows older computers to access disk drives larger than 504MB.
• The Enhanced Integrated Device Electronics (EIDE) system supports four devices and the Integrated Drive Equipment(IDE) system supports two devices.
• A hard disk controller uses the I/O address range 1F0-1F8.
• The most commonly used data transfer protocols by IDE devices are:
  • Programmed Input/Output (PIO)
  • Direct Memory Access (DMA)
  • Ultra DMA
• Logical Block Addressing (LBA) is used to allow DOS and Windows operating systems to use hard disk drives of more than 504MB.
• While installing two hard disk drives on a computer, any one of the following two combinations can be used:
  1. Install the drives, one each on the primary and secondary IDE controllers and designate both as Master.
  2. Install both drives on the primary IDE controller and designate one as Master and the other as Slave.
• If you want to attach two IDE drives to a particular controller, you have to set one drive as the Master and the other as the Slave. If you have two IDE drives in your system, and both are set as Master, or both are set as Slave, none of them will work.
• The volumes formatted with FAT or FAT32 cannot be extended. A volume can be extended only if it contains no file system or is formatted using NTFS. Striped, mirrored, and RAID5 volumes cannot be extended.
• The following are the types of Random Access Memory:
  • DRAM
  • EDO RAM
  • SRAM
  • VRAM
• Parity error indicates a problem with data stored in the memory.
• The Dual inline memory module (DIMM) has 168 pins.
• Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) is used for a computer’s cache memory and as part of the random access memory digital-to-analog converter on a video card.
• Shadowing is a method that improves system performance by copying code in ROM BIOS to the extended memory of a computer.
• Zero wait-states indicate that the speed of the processor matches the speed of the memory. When the processor processes data faster than the system RAM can deliver, it goes into a wait state. This slows down system performance. When a system is running without encountering wait states, it is known as zero wait-states operation.
• The following network segment object counters are useful in monitoring network traffic:
  • % Network utilization
  • Total frames received/second
  • Broadcast frames received/second
• You must verify the availability of a memory slot on the motherboard of the server before purchasing memory. If a blank memory slot is not available on the motherboard, you will have to replace the motherboard to increase memory on the server.
• Performance Monitor statistics shows 100% usage of memory. This indicates a bottleneck in memory.
• System BIOS, a chip that stores software, is called firmware.
• A BIOS upgrade is required if you want to install a high capacity hard disk drive on an older machine, which is not supported by an older BIOS.
• Older BIOS cannot support a hard disk having more than 504 MB capacity. In this situation, an upgrade of BIOS is required.
• When you install a SCSI adapter on your system to control, both, external and internal devices, the terminating resistor must be disabled on the adapter. And also, both the last internal and last external devices must be terminated.
• As a precaution, you should always wear the wrist strap attached to the computer case while installing a video-card. Wrist strap provides protection against Electrostatic discharge (ESD) that can damage electronic components, such as, chips on the motherboard or adapters. The wrist strap maintains charge equalization between your body and the computer parts.
• If you connect more than three Ultra SCSI devices to a single-ended Ultra SCSI interface, the maximum SCSI bus length will be 1.5 meters.
• Network Interface Card (NIC) is an expansion card installed in a computer. It provides interface for connecting the computer to Local Area Network (LAN). NIC is also known as network adapter.
• Direct Memory Access (DMA) optimizes the I/O transfer speed in a computer.
• IRQ4 is used by COM1 and COM3.
• IRQ6 is used by the floppy disk controller.
• COM1 and COM3 both use IRQ4.
• IRQ 15 is usually used by a Secondary hard disk controller.
• The hard disk, video adapter, and sound card are the devices that move large blocks of data and therefore, require access to a DMA channel.
• The hard disk controller uses Direct Memory Access (DMA) channel 3.
• IRQ 5 is used by LPT2 port.
• Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) adapters can fit on PCI, EISA, and VESA slots.
• IRQ 0 is reserved for the system timer.
• You should wear a wrist strap when you are working on computer components. It minimizes Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) problems.
• Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) is a 32-bit PC expansion bus designed as a superset of the 16-bit ISA bus.
• The Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus has an 8-bit and a 16-bit bus that supports both 8-bit and 16-bit cards.
• If the hard disk is not partitioned, you cannot access it.
• AGP is a high speed 32-bit bus designed for high performance graphics and video support.
• A UPS battery capacity is determined by the battery’s ability to convert chemical energy into electrical current at a specified rate for a specified amount of time. The IEEE defines “end of useful life” for a UPS battery as being the point when it can no longer supply 80 percent of its rated capacity in ampere-hours.

PROACTIVE MAINTENANCE

• In order to improve the read/write performance of the server, run the Disk Defragmenter utility on the file server.
• The Pages/sec counter investigates the paging settings. The recommended value for the Pages/sec counter of the memory object is less than 5.
• The default ports used by Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) are 161 and 162.
• Performance Monitor uses SNMP to gather statistics for TCP/IP.

ENVIRONMENT

• Low humidity increases the risk of Electrostatic discharge (ESD).
• Damage of electronic components can occur in a high humidity environment.
• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a type of plastic used to construct the insulation and the cable jacket for a cable.
• If your computer is not connected to the UPS, power failure may cause damage to peripheral components. You can avoid such problems by using UPS and surge protector.

TROUBLESHOOTING AND PROBLEM DETERMINATION

• If a computer does not show the correct date and time, every time the system is started. This is because of the failure of the CMOS battery.
• When you start the computer, it gives single beep if it has successfully completed the Power On Self Test (POST).
• After installing the sound card, you restart the computer. Then you find that your another device on the computer has stopped working. This is the symptom of IRQ conflict.
• A computer fails to boot from a bootable floppy disk because of any one of the following reasons:
  • If the head of a floppy disk drive is dirty, it cannot read the boot files from the floppy disk. This will prevent the computer from booting through the floppy disk. The floppy disk drive should be cleaned using a floppy disk drive head cleaner to resolve the issue.
  • If boot sequence in the BIOS is incorrect or is not set to boot from floppy disk first, the computer will not read the operating system file through the floppy disk drive. This will prevent the computer from booting through the floppy disk.
• NSLOOKUP is a tool for diagnosing and troubleshooting Domain Name System (DNS) resolution problems.
• The two methods of accessing the Task Manager mentioned in the answers are: By pressing CTRL SHIFT ESC, and by pressing CTRL ALT DELETE and then clicking Task Manager. You can also select Task Manager by right-clicking the Taskbar and selecting Task Manager.
• You should use the REGEDT32.EXE registry editor to edit registry entries of your Windows 2000 computer. Although both REGEDT32.EXE and REGEDIT.EXE are installed during the setup of Windows 2000, the former is recommended for use in Windows 2000. REGEDIT.EXE is not recommended because it does not have a security menu or a read-only mode.
• PING sends ICMP echo requests to verify that TCP/IP is configured correctly.
• Error codes beginning with 2xx indicate problems related to memory.
• ERD can be created through the RDISK.EXE utility.
• Both PING and TRACERT use ICMP echo requests to diagnose a TCP/IP configuration.
• Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a network maintenance protocol of the TCP/IP protocol suite. It is responsible for the resolution of IP addresses to media access control (MAC) addresses of a network interface card (NIC).
• Following are the files required to boot Windows NT 4.0:
  • NTLDR is the Windows NT boot loader program. This is the first file to get executed during a boot process.
  • BOOT.INI file describes the location of the boot partitions specified by using Advanced RISC Computing (ARC) naming conventions.
  • NTDETECT.COM file is used for hardware detection.
  • BOOTSECT.DOS file is used to dual-boot a computer. It takes control from NTLDR if a user chooses a non-Windows NT operating system from the boot loader menu.
  • NTBOOTDD.SYS file is required only if the scsi() syntax is used in the BOOT.INI file. It is not present in the root folder if the multi() syntax is used.
• NBTSTAT with /c switch is used to list the cache of NetBIOS names and IP addresses.
• NETSTAT is a command-line utility that displays protocol-related statistics and the state of current TCP/IP connections.
• Protocol Analyzer is a utility used to view the contents of a packet traveling on a network and diagnose network related issues such as, slow performance, etc.
• Telnet enables you to access a UNIX server, using a text-based connection.
• The TRACERT utility tells how many hops (maximum 30) away the target device is.
• In order to run the TELNET client, you will have to type TELNET on the command prompt.
• In order to identify the malfunctioning network card on the network, you should use a LAN analyzer.
• The DOWN -f command is used to restart the server without prompting a user.
• Server rebooting problems mostly occur due to malfunctioning hardware such as RAM failure, loose hardware contact, malfunctioning add-on cards, and the failure of cooling devices such as the fans inside the server cabinet.
• The NTBOOTDD.SYS file is required for a Windows NT system, when using SCSI controller with BIOS disabled.
• Media tester is used to test the wires for attenuation.
• Microsoft Windows 2000 uses the Safe Mode and the Recovery Console for resolving the problem on the operating system files.
• Performance console and Task Manager are the primary monitoring tools in Windows 2000.
• Virtual memory is method that is used to store temporary RAM data in the hard disk.
• An I/O address is a communication port between a device and the CPU.
• 80386, 80486 and Pentium are 32-bit processors.
• A broadcast storm is a situation in which one or more network devices send jabber packets constantly and create traffic. In case of a faulty NIC that sends a jabber packet, you can detect the faulty NIC through the network monitor software or by the elimination process.
• The message “NO ROM BASIC, SYSTEM HALTED” appears on a computer when you do not select an active partition on the hard disk drive. You have to select an active partition in addition to partitioning and formatting your hard disk.
• The following actions can result in a virus attack:
  • Using a floppy from unreliable source.
  • Downloading file(s) from the Internet.
• Spoofing refers to the emulation of the identity of a network computer by an attacking computer.
• SYN attack refers to a condition in which a hacker sends a bunch of packets that leave TCP ports half open.
• A polymorphic virus has programming codes that enables it to perform different processes each time it runs.
• The two most likely causes of printing junk characters are as follows:
  • Faulty printer driver
  • Loose printer cable
• The MAKEDISK.BAT utility creates a diskette to check the boot sector for virus. Once the diskette is created, boot the computer with that diskette. This will run a boot sector virus check. After completing the check, remove the diskette and proceed to the next pre-installation step.

DISASTER RECOVERY

• ATX is a type of motherboard that supports soft power on switch.
• In an event of processor fan failure, the heat generated by the processor will cause computer hang up and processor damage.
• The fans inside the CPU box throw the hot air out of the CPU box and therefore help in keeping the CPU temperature low. Fans are also used to improve air circulation in the CPU box.
• You are testing the disaster recovery plan of the company. During the testing of the recovery plan, you find that some servers have been restored with another server’s data. In order to improve the disaster recovery plan, you will have to maintain a printed tape backup report, so that it can be confirmed that the data is getting stored on the appropriate server.
• When a member of a mirrored volume or a RAID5 volume fails, it becomes an orphan. Data for the orphaned member can be regenerated from the remaining members. A new area of free space, which is of the same size or larger than the other members of RAID5 volume should be selected in Disk Management and then data should be regenerated.

General Server Hardware Knowledge

• Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) uses a 32-bit data bus, designed by IBM.
• You can insert ISA cards in Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) and Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus slots.
• The DNS server and the Proxy server cache the results of requests made by client computers on the network. It helps to resolve the queries of network clients quickly.
• The client computer does not resolve the IP address of the server because it has an incorrect entry for FSERV in its local DNS cache. Therefore, in order to resolve the issue, you should run the IPCONFIG /flushdns command on the client computer. The IPCONFIG /flushdns command flushes and resets the local DNS cache.
• A gateway server is used to provide Windows client access to an AS400 mainframe.
• The 8U server rack has a height of 14 inches.
• The 30U server rack has a height of 52.5 inches.
• The 1U rack unit has a height of 1.75 inches. Therefore, the height of the 4U rack unit would be 7 (4 x 1.75) inches.
• Cyclic Redundancy Checking (CRC) is a procedure performed on transmitted data at the data-link level and used for detecting errors.
• Rambus Inline Memory Module (RIMM) and Dual In-line Memory Module (DIMM) both come in 184 pins.
• RDRAM can operate at 1200 Mhz and supports bandwidths from 1.6 GB/sec to 10.7 GB/sec.
• Memory interleaving is a technique to improve memory performance. It works by dividing the system memory into multiple blocks. It increases bandwidth by allowing simultaneous access to more than one block of memory.
• The following practices will keep the system working properly:
  • Not powering off the RAID subsystem when the server is turned on. Powering off the RAID subsystem when the server is turned on can be a cause of data corruption or data loss.
  • Not connecting the RAID subsystem to the server while it is powered up. Connecting the subsystem to the server while it is powered up can render the subsystem or server hardware to a malfunctioned state.
  • Keeping the maximum differential cables length limit upto 25 meters for the connection outside the cabinet.
• Ultra 320 SCSI has a maximum data transfer rate of upto 320 MB/sec.
• The maximum data transfer rate of Ultra2 Wide SCSI is 80 MBps.
• The jumper settings on the network interface card are used to configure I/O address.
• 10BaseT Ethernet cable uses 8-pin make connector.
• An IDE controller can support two devices, first as a Master and second as a Slave.
• If an ATA-100 hard disk is installed on an ATA-66 motherboard, the maximum data transfer rate will be 66 MB/sec due to the chipset limitation.
• To take advantage of bi-directional printing, you must have an IEEE 1284 specification compliant printer cable, a bi-directional printer, and a correctly configured port.
• Fibre Channel fabric is a fibre channel communication network topology. A Fibre Channel fabric uses a Fibre Channel switch to provide direct connections between node pairs.
• A straight tip (ST) connector is a fiber-optic connector used with multimode fiber. An ST connector has a 2.5mm shaft and bayonet locking ring, and allows quick connect and disconnect of 125 micron multi-mode fiber.
• Optical time domain reflectometer is used to test breakage in fiber optic cables.
• MultiMode Fiber (MMF) is a type of fiber-optic cable. A fiber optic cable does not require terminators.
• 100BaseFX is a fast Ethernet network that runs at the speed of 100 Mbps using Multimode Fiber-optic (MMF) cable with segment lengths of upto 412 meters for half duplex connections and 2000 meters for full duplex connections.
• The MT-RJ and LC connectors can be used with the SFF fiber-optic cables.
• The GenericPrincipal and GenericIdentity classes are used in conjunction with each other to create an authorization scheme. These two classes can be used to prompt users for their user names and passwords, to check these values against a database, and to create principal and identity objects.
• In order to keep the disk array working after the failure of one of the disk drives, you will have to ensure that the array has completed rebuilding using the hot spare drive, and then replace the failed disk from the array.
• The hot swap technology is used to install a new device, or remove and replace a failed device, without shutting down the operating system or powering off the system.
• In a two-node cluster, if one node of the cluster experiences a hardware failure or loses power, the other takes over the job.
• The following processors have 64-bit data bus width:
  • AMD K6
  • Pentium 4
  • AMD Athlon