uCertify Articles » MCITP Consumer Support Technician http://www.ucertify.com/article Just another WordPress weblog Wed, 04 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0000 http://wordpress.org/?v=2.8.4 en hourly 1 What is 802.11g? http://www.ucertify.com/article/what-is-80211g.html http://www.ucertify.com/article/what-is-80211g.html#comments Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0000 uCertify 1401425

The 802.11g standard, defined by IEEE, is an extension to the 802.11b standard of wireless network. It operates in 2.4-GHz band and brings data rates up to 54Mbps using Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology. Since the 802.11g standard is backward compatible with 802.11b, an 802.11b device can interface directly with an 802.11g access point.

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Print is a basic printer permission that allows users or groups to connect to a printer, print documents, and manage their own documents in the print queue. Users having the Print permission are able to pause, resume, restart, and cancel the printing of a document.

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PortQry is a command line utility that is used to determine whether or not a specific service is running on a server.

Note: It is not included with any version of Windows. A user needs to download it from Microsoft’s site. Telnet can be used instead of PortQry.

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The Last Known Good Configuration is an advanced boot option. It starts a Windows operating system by using the Registry information that was saved at the last successful logon. The configuration is stored in the HKLMSystemCurrentControlSet registry key. Although the Last Known Good Configuration option does not solve problems caused by corrupted or missing drivers or files, it enables a user to revert to the previous working state in case there are problems with the drivers. When a user opts for this boot option, he loses any modifications made since the last successful logon. A user can view this boot option by pressing the F8 key during the Windows XP boot process.

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Roll Back Driver is a feature of Device Manager that restores the previous device driver that was installed on a computer before the driver was updated. Windows supports driver rollback for all devices except printers. Rolling back a driver is available only on devices that have new drivers installed. When a driver is updated, the previous version is stored in the %system_root%system32
einstallbackups folder. Rolling back a driver uses this folder to revert to a previous version. A user should roll back a driver when he does not want to affect other system configurations or drivers and is assured that the current driver is causing problems.

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MSCONFIG is a command-line tool that opens the System Configuration Utility dialog box, which can be used to troubleshoot and resolve startup errors, resolve unwanted prompts by third party users, find and resolve problems with running services, and resolve the errors regarding boot paths configured on multi-boot computers. MSCONFIG.EXE helps a user to detect a specific file that is causing startup problems.

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A newsgroup is a collection of messages that are posted by individuals to a news server. A newsgroup is used for electronically exchanging ideas, news, and sharing other information. It is generally dedicated to a particular topic and used by people with common interests. Newsgroups do not require any kind of membership or registration fees. A user can find newsgroups on any subject, and any user can post messages to a newsgroup.

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The IPCONFIG /all command is used to view the full TCP/IP configuration for all the adapters. Without the [all] parameter, the IPCONFIG command can be used to view only such information as IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, etc., of a networked computer.

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The Manage Printers permission allows a user or group to perform all the tasks that can be performed by the users who have the Print and Manage Documents permissions. In addition to this, users with the Manage Printers permission can also pause and resume the printer, take the printer offline, share or delete the printer, and change the printer’s properties and print permissions.

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Install and Upgrade Windows Vista

  • A computer requires a DirectX 9 compatible graphics processor with a Windows Display Driver Model (WDDM) driver, and a minimum of 64MB of Video RAM for running Windows Aero.

  • Windows Business and Windows Ultimate include the features of business networking and remote desktop.

  • Windows Vista Home Premium, Windows Vista Business, and Windows Vista Ultimate support the features of Windows Mobility Center and Tablet PC.

  • The program data folder exists on the same drive as the Windows directory. This disables the upgrade option with an error message.

  • Windows Upgrade Advisor provides a quick and easy way to analyze the computer for potential incompatibilities when planning for an upgrade.

  • The Program Compatibility Wizard provides users appropriate compatibility settings. The settings can be modified manually.

  • Windows Easy Transfer makes the process of upgrading to a new computer much easier. Windows Easy Transfer can be run from an old computer and can restore the resulting backup to the new computer.

  • Windows Vista Ultimate can be upgraded from Windows XP Home. However, it should meet the hardware requirements. The partitions should be formatted with the NTFS file system.

  • The Program Compatibility wizard provides users the appropriate compatibility settings. The settings can be modified manually. The Compatibility mode setting runs the program using settings from the previous version of Windows.

  • Various issues occur after upgrading a new operating system. The issues are mostly application compatibility issues. To check the compatibility of the application, type the hcp://system/compatctr/compatmode.htm command in the command prompt.

  • Windows Update is designed to keep the computer more secure by downloading and installing the latest security and feature updates automatically.

  • The application settings provides users a method of locating programs and appropriate compatibility settings.

  • A custom installation of Windows Vista preserves the data files from an earlier installation of Windows XP. Windows Upgrade Advisor should run before the installation. It notifies if a language-related issue affects an upgrade to Windows Vista.

  • A device driver package provides a level of authentication for users. It improves the security and reduces the support costs of a computer.

  • Configuring the settings in the Application Compatibility Wizard allows an application of an earlier version to run properly.

Post-Installation: Customize and Configure Settings

  • Gadgets are small applications that display information about the weather, time, RSS feeds, system performance information, etc. In Windows Vista, these gadgets are placed in the Windows Sidebar.

  • Windows Sidebar is an optional desktop component that allows users to run small but useful applications called gadgets.

  • Windows Vista has two types of user accounts, namely Standard User and Administrator User. There are some default permissions given to both user accounts. Permissions of Administrator User accounts cannot be accessed for Standard User Account.

  • Windows Sidebar is displayed on the side of the monitor. It contains mini-programs called gadgets, which offer information at a glance and provide easy access to frequently used tools.

  • Windows Sidebar can be customized by keeping it on the top of other windows, adding and removing gadgets from it, detaching gadgets to place them on the desktop, etc.

  • Windows Aero is the Microsoft user interface. It makes it easy to visualize and work with information, and provides a smoother, more stable desktop experience.

  • Windows Aero is the graphical user interface for Windows Vista. It is a high-performance user interface that gives a computer a new look and feel.

  • Multiple monitors are configured to discover the usability and productivity benefits.

  • The Windows Aero user interface is a new feature in certain editions of Windows Vista. It is designed for the hardware acceleration features found in most video cards.

  • User Account Control enables users to perform common tasks as non-administrators called standard users.

  • Installing new device drivers and installing new accounting software packages will require privilege escalations.

  • In elevation prompts configured for User Account Control in Windows Vista, there are several security-related enhancements that have been designed to enhance safety and provide compatibility for earlier applications.

  • Users should be provided valid credentials to run them as a standard user account or an administrator user account.

  • The Snipping Tool is used as a screen-capture tool.

  • Windows Photo Gallery provides a quick and easy way to view and organize graphic files.

  • Windows Calendar is a Vista tool that allows users to exchange scheduling information quickly and easily. Users can use the Calendar tool to communicate dates and times for personal activities or to manage professional schedules.

  • Automatic Junk E-mail filtering has the potential to filter out legitimate messages. The High level setting for Junk E-Mail moves some regular mails to the Junk E-Mail folder.

  • The Rip option of Windows Media player is used to copy content from music or audio CDs.

  • Windows Meeting Space is implemented to meet the security requirements to share information.

  • The Process tab in Task Manager lists all tasks currently running on the computer.

  • Resource Monitor includes a chart that displays the details about network usage.

  • The Processes tab lists all currently running programs on the computer.

  • Windows Defender enables users to view and disable startup items. System configuration enables users to select which items will run automatically when the computer is started.

  • Performance can be restored by running the Disk Defragmenter.

  • A TV tuner device is installed on a computer to record TV programs.

  • Data Collector Set contains a list of types of information that Windows Vista should record when a particular set is started. System performance generates the report that shows performance statistics related to CPU, memory, disk, and network statistics.

Configure Windows Vista Security

  • Malware refers to malicious software, which is a broad class of malicious viruses, including spyware. Malware is designed to infiltrate or damage a computer without the consent of the owner.

  • Firewall is a security feature used to protect the network of an organization from external attacks by intruders.

  • Windows Vista Upgrade Advisor is used to provide information to the user about whether or not they need to upgrade their systems. The System option is used to view the overall details of hardware components, along with the actions that might be required for upgrading the system.

  • The Real-Time protection setting feature of Windows Defender has the ability to automatically monitor for system modification that might be unauthorized.

  • By default, firewall settings prevent remote systems from connecting to a computer.

  • Windows Vista Firewall functions in a bi-directional manner.

  • Network and Sharing Center is used while working with several computers in a networked environment. For users, it is necessary to consider several different potential causes of a file, folder, printer, or media sharing problem.

  • In order to view and verify the updates that have been installed on the computer, click on the View update history link in the Windows Update applet.

  • Windows operating systems communicate with services by using network protocols in the order specified in Network Connections. To improve the network communications, reorder the protocols in the list from the least used.

  • Windows Security Center includes numerous security-related features and settings.

  • Windows Automatic Update is the recommended configuration for downloading and installing updates.

  • Alert levels help the user choose how to respond to spyware and potentially unwanted software.

  • Windows Defender alerts the user about the software installed.

  • Windows Calendar provides a feature to share calendar appointments with other users.

  • The Parental Controls feature in Windows Vista enables parents to determine which games their children can play, which programs they can use, and which Web sites they can visit.

  • Setting the Web restriction level to Medium in Parental Controls enables parents to define which type of contents are accessible to users.

  • The Parental Control feature is implemented to provide different types of restrictions on children to access programs.

  • Windows Vista includes the Internet Explorer as a built-in feature.

  • Enabling Public Folder Sharing allows a user to share files without requiring administrator intervention.

  • Session cookies are designed to enable the Web sites to identify the visitors uniquely.

  • Cookies work when a site is accessed by sending information to the Web Browser. Session cookies are designed to enable Web sites to identify the visitors uniquely.

  • ActiveX controls support interfaces to offer functionality to Internet Explorer.

  • Encrypting File system (EFS) in Windows Vista can be used to encrypt the system page file and the per-user Offline Files cache.

  • User Account Control (UAC) is a feature in Windows and helps prevent unauthorized changes on a user’s computer. UAC asks the user for permission or an administrator password before performing actions that could potentially affect a computer’s operation or that could change the settings that affect other users.

  • User Account Control (UAC) is a feature in Windows and helps prevent unauthorized changes to a user’s computer. UAC asks the user for permission or an administrator password before performing actions that could potentially affect a computer’s operation or that change settings that affect other users.

  • Cookies are used by Web sites to gather information about Web site usage. The Accept all cookies privacy level saves all the cookies and are read by the Web site that created them.

  • Security issues are related to the Windows file system and registry. To prevent direct access to the secure file system and registry locations, Windows Vista uses a technique called virtualization.

  • Users are provided with valid credentials to run them as a Standard user account, Administrator user account, Guest account, and the Power User group.

  • Backup is a an application used to back up and restore user data. In the event of data deletion or hard disk failure, the backup copy can be used to restore lost or damaged data.

  • The Advanced Restore command action enables the user to restore data from a backup that was created on another computer.

  • Using the Advanced Restore Operation of the Backup and Restore Center to restore the files and folders stored on another computer.

Configure, Troubleshoot, and Repair Networking

  • The IPv6 address space is divided according to the value of high order bits in the address.

  • DHCP is a service provided by DHCP servers. It dynamically assigns TCP/IP addresses to clients on a network. It is a TCP/IP standard, which reduces the complexity and administrative overhead of managing a network.

  • Network Discovery is disabled by default on Public and Domain networks. It is enabled by default in Private networks.

  • A firewall helps prevent hackers or malicious software (such as worms) from gaining access to your computer through a network or the Internet.

  • A print spooler temporarily stores print jobs on the computer hard disk or in the memory until the printer is ready to print them.

  • The network map is a graphical view of the computers and devices on the network, showing how they are connected.

  • Routers connect computers and networks to one another.

  • Virtual Private Network is dedicated to a specific network. It secures the communications over the network from the Public Internet.

  • The 801.11a wireless LAN standard is least affected by interference from domestic appliances.

  • Password Protected Sharing requires users to have a user account to connect to the shared resources, if enabled. This setting is disabled by default for all network types.

  • Changing the workgroup name from a Windows XP computer will allow a user to view the specified workgroup.

  • Automatic wireless network configuration is enabled by default in Windows.

  • The 802.1X authentication can help enhance security for 802.11 wireless networks and wired Ethernet networks. 802.1X uses an authentication server to validate users and to provide network access.
  • Wireless Networking connection appears to be disabled because the network adapter is not correctly configured to use the IP protocol.

  • The WLAN-AutoConfig log contains the details of all wireless connection attempts, whether successful or unsuccessful.

  • Configuring the File and Folder sharing resources settings determines the data being shared and the security settings that prevent the user from accessing information.

  • By enabling the Network Discovery feature of the Network and Sharing Center, computers can be connected and are visible in a networked environment.

  • File system permissions are categorized under two sets of permissions. The first set is shared folder permissions and the other is NTFS permissions.

  • To view recorded video, a TV tuner card is not required.

  • Windows Media Center is designed to serve as a home-entertainment hub. It can be configured to play always on the top of windows while working with other computer applications.

Install, Configure, and Troubleshoot Devices

  • Windows Fax and Scan is a Windows Vista utility that allows a user to use a scanner and a modem to send and receive faxes. The Windows Fax and Scan utility integrates a scanner and a modem to a single place, from where a fax can be sent or received.

  • Windows Mobility Center is a tool in Windows Vista that places different mobile PC settings at a single location so that users can quickly access their resources.

  • The Windows Mobility Center user interface contains every piece of information about the components of a computer, as well as action items related to those components.

  • Pictures and videos can be imported from digital cameras to the Windows photo gallery.

  • Windows Media Player is the primary application for playing audio and video files on Windows Vista. It provides functionality for organizing music library, synchronizing with portable devices, and burning content to CD or DVD media.

  • Windows Fax and Scan is a Windows Vista utility that allows a user to use a scanner and a modem to send and receive faxes.

  • The settings have to be configured manually if Windows cannot detect the printer.

  • Sync Center is a Windows Vista feature that enables users to keep information synchronized.

  • To receive fax, it is necessary to configure a fax account and to send/receive faxes.

  • The Windows Fax and Scan settings are configured for how and when faxes are sent. The Tracking tab is configured to view the progress and notification details related to sending and receiving faxes.

  • Wireless printers are stand-alone printers, which have a built-in wireless interface.

Troubleshoot and Repair Windows Vista

  • Safe Mode starts Windows Vista with a minimum set of device drivers and services. Safe Mode with Networking adds support for connecting to a network.

  • Creating a new restore point before installing an application enables users to roll back the computer easily to its previous configuration.

  • The System Repair option fixes the boot-related problems by starting the Windows from Installation media.

  • The Enable Boot Logging option is used to instruct Windows Vista to create automatically a text file that contains a list of the operations it performs during the boot process.

  • Event Viewer performs different types of grouping. The Critical option is used to view serious system-related issues that cause downtime or data loss.

  • Safe Mode with Networking in the Advanced Boot Options is used to determine the problems related to software compatibility by testing in Internet Explorer.

  • The Tracking setting in the Fax and Scan properties is used to configure the settings related to the faxes sent and received.

  • Automated System Recovery is the overall plan for system recovery in case of system failure. ASR does not include data files. Before running the ASR restore, the user should have a floppy drive attached to his computer.

  • If the Exchange Information Store is not running, the backup operation fails and gives the message “script.bks file not found”,.

  • The Manage Add-Ons dialog box provides an easy way to enable or disable items such as toolbar add-ons.

  • Adware is a type of malware designed to present unwanted commercial advertisement and is installed automatically without user permission.

  • Certificates are used to categorize the list of trusted and non-trusted publishers. Users use certificates to remove the non-trusted publishers.

  • The Quarantine action is used to move an application to a safe location instead of deleting it.
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